WITHDRAWN: Associations between family support, loneliness, and underlying depression among children and adolescents in the China family panel studies: A mediation analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the association between depression and family support among Chinese children and adolescents and to investigate whether loneliness could mediate this relationship. METHODS: There were 2755 children and adolescents aged 18 and below from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) that participated in our study. Depression in children and adolescents was assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). Binary logistic regression combined with mediation analysis was used to examine the association between family support and depression and the mediating effect of loneliness on this relationship. RESULTS: Of the 2755 children and adolescents, 848 (30.8 %) reported feeling lonely and 310 (11.3 %) reported feeling depressed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with children and adolescents with family support, children and adolescents without family support had a higher risk of loneliness (odds ratio (OR) = 1.668, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.318-2.111) and depression (odds ratio (OR) = 2.252, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.669-3.039). Mediation analysis revealed that loneliness played a partial mediating role in the association between family support and depression (ß = -0.109, P < 0.001), and the mediation proportion was 38.11 %. CONCLUSION: Family support affects depression directly and indirectly through loneliness. The results suggest that parents should provide more support to children and adolescents to reduce the risk of loneliness and underlying depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Longitudinal Relationship Between eHealth Literacy, Health-Promoting Lifestyles, and Health-Related Quality of Life Among College Students: A Cross-Lagged Analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the longitudinal associations between eHealth literacy, health-promoting lifestyles, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among college students. Methods: From December 2019 (T1) to December 2020 (T2), we administered the eHealth literacy scale, Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), and Short-Form Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Scale to 1,181 college students in Jinan, China. Participants were recruited for 12 months for the two-stage survey. Results: Stable positive correlations were shown between eHealth literacy, health-promoting lifestyles, and HRQoL across time. The cross-lagged analysis showed that eHealth literacy at T1 predicted health-promoting lifestyles at T2 (ß = 0.080, P = 0.006); however, health-promoting lifestyles at T1 did not predict eHealth literacy at T2 (ß = -0.026, P = 0.499). HRQoL at T1 predicted health-promoting lifestyles at T2 (ß = 0.147, P < 0.001); however, similar to the eHealth literacy finding, health-promoting lifestyles at T1 did not predict HRQoL at T2 (ß = 0.045, P = 0.142). eHealth literacy was also bi-directionally associated with HRQoL, and the prediction effect of eHealth literacy at T1 to HRQoL at T2 (ß = 0.078, P = 0.008) was slightly higher than the prediction effect of HRQoL at T1 to eHealth literacy at T2 (ß = 0.074, P = 0.023). Conclusion: eHealth literacy and HRQoL may be antecedents for college students' health-promoting lifestyles. There may be significant bi-directional relationships between eHealth literacy and HRQoL.